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    • Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 

      Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita; Johnson, Catherine; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; Kemmer, Laura; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kyu, Hmwe H.; Leung, Janni; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lim, Stephen S.; Lopez, Alan D; Lozano, Rafael; Marczak, Laurie; Mensah, George A; Mokdad, Ali H.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Nguyen, Grant; Nsoesie, Elaine; Olsen, Helen; Pigott, David M.; Pinho, Christine; Rankin, Zane; Reinig, Nikolas; Salomon, Joshua A; Sandar, Logan; Smith, Alison; Stanaway, Jeffrey; Steiner, Caitlyn; Teeple, Stephanie; Thomas, Bernadette A.; Troeger, Christopher; Wagner, Joseph A.; Wang, Haidong; Wanga, Valentine; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Zoeckler, Leo; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abraham, Biju; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E.; Ackerman, Ilana N.; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Ademi, Zanfina; Adou, Arse Kouablan; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Arnav; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ajala, Oluremi N.; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore K. M.; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed; Alegretti, Miguel Angel; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Alexander, Lily T.; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Amberbir, Alemayehu; Amini, Heresh; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Andersen, Hjalte H.; Anderson, Gregory M.; Anderson, Benjamin; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Aregay, Atsede Fantahun; Arnlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Assadi, Reza; Atique, Suleman; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Azzopardi, Peter; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Barac, Aleksandra; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.; Bärnighausen, Till; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H.; Basu, Arindam; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bell, Brent; Bell, Michelle L.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Benzian, Habib; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bernabe, Eduardo; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhatt, Samir; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bienhofff, Kelly; Bikbov, Boris; Biryukov, Stan; Bisanzio, Donal; Bjertness, Espen; Blore, Jed; Borschmann, Rohan; Boufous, Soufiane; Brainin, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brown, Jonathan; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Buckle, Geoffrey Colin; Butt, Zahid A.; Calabria, Bianca; Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Carabin, Helene; Cardenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O.; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Coates, Matthew M.; Colquhoun, Samantha M; Cooper, Cyrus; Cortinovis, Monica; Crump, John A.; Damtew, Solomon Abrha; Dandona, Rakhi; Daoud, Farah; Dargan, Paul I.; das Neves, Jose; Davey, Gail; Davis, Adrian C.; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Gobbo, Liana C; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Derrett, Sarah; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Dhillon, Preet K.; Diaz-Torne, Cesar; Ding, Eric L.; Driscoll, Tim R.; Duan, Leilei; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ellenbogen, Richard G.; Elyazar, Iqbal; Endres, Matthias; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Estep, Kara; Farid, Talha A; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L.; Felson, David T.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G.; Fernandes, Joao C.; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph R. A.; Foreman, Kyle; Fowkes, Gerry R.; Fox, Jordan; Franklin, Richard C.; Friedman, Joseph; Frostad, Joseph; Furst, Thomas; Futran, Neal D.; Gabbe, Belinda; Ganguly, Parthasarathi; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Gessner, Bradford D.; Gibney, Katherine B.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Giroud, Maurice; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Glaser, Elizabeth; Godwin, William W.; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gotay, Carolyn C.; Goto, Atsushi; Gouda, Hebe N.; Grainger, Rebecca; Greaves, Felix; Guillemin, Francis; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vipin; Gutierrez, Reyna A.; Haile, Demewoz; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Halasa, Yara A.; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hancock, Jamie; Handal, Alexis J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L.; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Roderick J.; Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Heydarpour, Pouria; Hoek, Hans W.; Horino, Masako; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hoy, Damian G.; Htet, Aung Soe; Huang, Hsiang; Huang, John J.; Huynh, Chantal; Iannarone, Marissa; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Innos, Kaire; Inoue, Manami; Iyer, Veena J.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N.; Jiang, Ying; Jibat, Tariku; Jimenez-Corona, Aida; Jin, Ye; Jonas, Jost B.; Kabir, Zubair; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Karimkhani, Chante; Kasaeian, Amir; Kau, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khaiff, Abdur Rahman; Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young-Ho; Khera, Sahil; Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Pauline; Kim, Cho-il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Yun Jin; Kissoon, Niranjan; Knibbs, Luke D.; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolte, Dhaval; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Kotsakis, Georgios A.; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kudom, Andreas A.; Kuipers, Ernst J.; Kumar, G. Anil; Kutz, Michael; Kwan, Gene F.; Lal, Aparna; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Hilton; Lam, Jennifer O.; Langan, Sinead M.; Larsson, Anders; Lavados, Pablo M.; Leasher, Janet L.; Leigh, James; Leung, Ricky; Levi, Miriam; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Liu, Shiwei; Lloyd, Belinda K.; Lo, Warren D.; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Looker, Katharine J.; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A.; Mackay, Mark T.; Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Marcenes, Wagner; Margolis, David Joel; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Masiye, Felix; Massano, João; McGarvey, Stephen Theodore; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; McMahon, Brian J.; Meaney, Peter A.; Mehari, Alem; Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Miller, Ted R.; Mills, Edward J; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mitchell, Philip B.; Mock, Charles N.; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar; Montico, Marcella; Mooney, Meghan D.; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Morawska, Lidia; Mueller, Ulrich O.; Mullany, Erin C.; Mumford, John Everett; Murdoch, Michele E.; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagel, Gabriele; Naheed, Aliya; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Newton, John N.; Ng, Marie; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak; Hailu, Alemayehu; Savic, Miloje; Skirbekk, Vegard; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Steiner, Timothy J.; Søreide, Kjetil; Vollset, Stein Emil; Weiderpass, Elisabete; White, Richard (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-08)
      Background:<br>Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world’s population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes aff ecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), ...

    • Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years 

      Afshin, Ashkan; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Sur, Patrick; Estep, Kara; Lee, Alex; Marczak, Laurie; Mokdad, Ali H.; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Naghavi, Mohsen; Salama, Joseph S.; Vos, Theo; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Amberbir, Alemayehu; Amegah, Adeladza K.; Amini, Erfan; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ärnlöv, Johan; Asayesh, Hamid; Banerjee, Amitava; Barac, Aleksandra; Baye, Estifanos; Bennett, Derrick A.; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Biryukov, Stan; Bjertness, Espen; Boneya, Dube J.; Campos-Nonato, Ismael; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Cecilio, Pedro; Cercy, Kelly; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cornaby, Leslie; Damtew, Solomon Abrha; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Feigin, Valery L.; Fernandes, João Carlos; Fürst, Thomas; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gold, Audra; Gona, Philimon N.; Goto, Atsushi; Habtewold, Tesfa D.; Hadush, Kokeb T.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hay, Simon I.; Horino, Masako; Islami, Farhad; Kamal, Ritul; Kasaeian, Amir; Katikireddi, Srinivasa V.; Kengne, André Pascal; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khang, Young-Ho; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Yun J.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kosen, Soewarta; Ku, Tiffany; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Larson, Heidi J.; Leinsalu, Mall; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lim, Stephen S.; Liu, Patrick; Lopez, Alan D.; Lozano, Rafael; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; McGarvey, Stephen Theodore; Mengistu, Desalegn T.; Mensah, George A.; Mensink, Gert B.M.; Mezgebe, Haftay B.; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mueller, Ulrich O.; Noubiap, Jean J.; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; Ogbo, Felix A.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Patton, George C.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rafay, Anwar; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Ranabhat, Chhabi L.; Reinig, Nikolas; Safiri, Saeid; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sanabria, Juan Ramon; Santos, Itamar S.; Sartorius, Benn; Sawhney, Monika; Schmidhuber, Josef; Schutte, Aletta E.; Schmidt, Maria I.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shamsizadeh, Moretza; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shin, Min-Jeong; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Roba, Hirbo S.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silverberg, Jonathan I.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Stranges, Saverio; Swaminathan, Soumya; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tadese, Fentaw; Tedla, Bemnet Amare; Tegegne, Balewgizie S.; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Thakur, J.S.; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vaezghasemi, Masoud; Vasankari, Tommi; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Werdecker, Andrea; Wesana, Joshua; Westerman, Ronny; Yano, Yuichiro; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yonga, Gerald; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zipkin, Ben; Murray, Christopher J.L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-06)
      Background:<br> Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain.<br> <br>Methods: <br> We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the ...

    • Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants 

      Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Zhou, Bin; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Bentham, James; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Turilli, Maria L.C.; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Ekelund, Ulf; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grøholt, Else Karin; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Janszky, Imre; Kolle, Elin; Krokstad, Steinar; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Sen, Abhijit; Skodje, Gry Irene; Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen; Nilsen, Bente; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Tell, Grete S.; Torheim, Liv Elin; Wilsgaard, Tom; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Bennett, James E.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Taddei, Cristina; Bixby, Honor; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Danaei, Goodarz; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Kengne, Andre P; Khang, Young-Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Malekzadeh, Reza; Miranda, Jaime; Moon, Jin Soo; Popovic, Stevo; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.; Soric, Maroje; Starc, Gregor (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-07)
      Background - Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents.<p> <p>Methods - For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic ...

    • Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight 

      Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia; Zhou, Bin; Bennett, James E.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Taddei, Cristina; Danaei, Goodarz; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Savin, Stefan; Cowan, Melanie J.; Bovet, Pascal; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hayes, Alison J; Ikeda, Nayu; Jackson, Rod T.; Khang, Young-Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Liu, Jing; Miranda, J. Jaime; Saidi, Olfa; Sebert, Sylvain; Sorić, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Gregg, Edward W.; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Hassan, Soheir; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Ekelund, Ulf; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grøholt, Else Karin; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Janszky, Imre; Kolle, Elin; Krokstad, Steinar; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Meyer, Haakon Eduard; Sen, Abhijit; Skodje, Gry Irene; Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Tell, Grethe S.; Torheim, Liv Elin; Wilsgaard, Tom (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-09)
      From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based ...

    • Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol 

      Taddei, Cristina; Zhou, Bin; Bixby, Honor; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Jackson, Rod T.; Ahmed, Soheir H; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Janszky, Imre; Krokstad, Steinar; Laugsand, Lars Erik; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Meyer, Haakon E; Sen, Abhijit; Tell, Grete S.; Vatten, Lars Johan; Wilsgaard, Tom; Farzadfar, Farshad; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Martinez, Andrea Rodriguez; Asghari, Golaleh; Dhana, Klodian; Gulayin, Pablo; Kakarmath, Sujay; Santero, Marilina; Voortman, Trudy; Riley, Leanne M.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Bennett, James E.; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Cifkova, Renata; Giampaoli, Simona; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khang, Young-Ho; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Laxmaiah, Avula; Margozzini, Paula; Mathur, Prashant (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-03)
      High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which ...

    • Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults 

      Bixby, Honor; Bentham, James; Zhou, Bin; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Taddei, Cristina; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ekelund, Ulf; Kolle, Elin; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Ariansen, Inger; Biehl, Anna Månsson; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Meyer, Haakon E; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Tell, Grethe S.; Janszky, Imre; Krokstad, Steinar; Laugsand, Lars Erik; Sen, Abhijit; Vatten, Lars Johan; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Khang, Young-Ho; Soric, Maroje; Gregg, Edward W.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Savin, Stefan; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Riley, Leanne M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Bovet, Pascal; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hambleton, Ian R; Hayes, Alison J; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P; Laxmaiah, Avula (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-08)
      Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, ...

    • Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults 

      Bentham, James; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Bilano, Ver; Bixby, Honor; Zhou, Bin; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Taddei, Cristina; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Lu, Yuan; Savin, Stefan; Cowan, Melanie J.; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hayes, Alison J; Katz, Joanne; Kelishadi, Roya; Kengne, André Pascal; Khang, Young-Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Li, Yanping; Ma, Jun; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mostafa, Aya; Neovius, Martin; Padez, Cristina; Rampal, Lekhraj; Zhu, Aubrianna; Bennett, James E.; Danaei, Goodarz; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Ezzati, Majid; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Hamid, Zargar Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Acuin, Cecilia; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Ajlouni, Kamel; Akhtaeva, Nazgul; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Othman, Amani Rashed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; AlBuhairan, Fadia S.; AlDhukair, Shahla; Ali, Mohamed M; Ali, Osman; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amouyel, Philippe; Amuzu, Antoinette; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Andrade, Dolores S; Ängquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araújo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger Kristine; Aris, Tahir; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Arveiler, Dominique; Aryal, Krishna; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assunção, Maria Cecília; Aung, May Soe; Avdicová, Mária; Azevedo, Ana; Azizi, Fereidoun; Babu, Bontha V; Bahijri, Suhad; Baker, Jennifer L.; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, Jose R; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barros, Aluisio J.D.; Barros, Mauro V.G.; Bata, Iqbal; Biehl, Anna Månsson; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Ekelund, Ulf; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Htet, Aung Soe; Janszky, Imre; Kolle, Elin; Krokstad, Steinar; Laugsand, Lars Erik; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Meisfjord, Jørgen; Meyer, Haakon E.; Sen, Abhijit; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Vatten, Lars Johan; Wilsgaard, Tom (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-10)
      Background: <br> Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. <br>Methods: <br> ...

    • Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants 

      Zhou, Bin; Lu, Yuan; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Bentham, James; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Danaei, Goodarz; Bixby, Honor; Cowan, Melanie J; Ali, Mohammed K; Taddei, Cristina; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Reis-Santos, Barbara; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Bjerregaard, Peter; Rivera, Juan A.; Fouad, Heba M.; Ma, Guansheng; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; Mohan, Viswanathan; Onat, Altan; Pilav, Aida; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Ezzati, Majid; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Kadir, Khalid Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Al-Othman, Amani Rashed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Amouyel, Philippe; Amuzu, Antoinette; Bo Andersen, Lars; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Aris, Tahir; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Arveiler, Dominique; Assah, Felix K.; Avdicova, Maria; Azizi, Fereidoun; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bandosz, Piotr; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Batieha, Anwar M.; Baur, Louise A.; Benet, Mikhail; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bi, Yufang; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Björkelund, Cecilia; Blokstra, Anneke; Bo, Simona; Boehm, Bernhard O; Boissonnet, Carlos P; Bovet, Pascal; Brajkovich, Imperia; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M; Brian, Garry R; Bruno, Graziella; Bugge, Anna; De Leon, Antonio Cabrera; Can, Gunay; Cåndido, Ana Paula C; Capuano, Vincenzo; Carlsson, Axel C; Carvalho, Maria J; Casanueva, Felipe F; Casas, Juan-Pablo; Caserta, Carmelo A; Castetbon, Katia; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chaturvedi, Nishi; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Shuohua; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Chetrit, Angela; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Cho, Yumi; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Claessens, Frank; Concin, Hans; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Rachel; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Crujeiras, Ana B; D'Arrigo, Graziella; Dallongeville, Jean; Dankner, Rachel; Dauchet, Luc; De Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; Deepa, Mohan; Dehghan, Abbas; Deschamps, Valerie; Dhana, Klodian; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doua, Kouamelan; Drygas, Wojciech; Du, Yong; Dzerve, Vilnis; Egbagbe, Eruke E; Eggertsen, Robert; El Ati, Jalila; Elosua, Roberto; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Erem, Cihangir; Ergor, Gul; Eriksen, Louise; Escobedo-De La Pena, Jorge; Fall, Caroline H; Farzadfar, Farshad; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J; Ferguson, Trevor S; Fernandez-Berges, Daniel; Ferrari, Marika; Ferreccio, Catterina; Feskens, Edith JM; Finn, Joseph D; Föger, Bernhard; Foo, Leng Huat; Forslund, Ann-Sofie; Francis, Damian K; Do Carmo Franco, Maria; Franco, Oscar H; Frontera, Guillermo; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Garnett, Sarah P; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gates, Louise; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Ghasemian, Anoosheh; Ghimire, Anup; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gross, Marcela Gonzalez; Rivas, Juan P Gonzalez; Gorbea, Mariano Bonet; Gottrand, Frederic; Grafnetter, Dusan; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Grøntved, Anders; Gruden, Grabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Guan, Ong Peng; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L; Gutierrez, Laura; Hambleton, Ian R; Hardy, Rebecca; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Hata, Jun; He, Jiang; Heidemann, Christin; Herrala, Sauli; Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C; Hofman, Albert; Hormiga, Claudia M; Horta, Bernardo L; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yang; Hussieni, Abdullatif S; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Iacoviello, Licia; Iannone, Anna G; Ibrahim, M Mohsen; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikram, M Arfan; Irazola, Vilma E; Islam, Muhammad; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jacobs, Jeremy M; Jafar, Tazeen; Jamil, Kazi M; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jonas, Jost B; Joshi, Pradeep; Kafatos, Anthony; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kasaeian, Amir; Katz, Joanne; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kengne, Andre P; Kersting, Mathilde; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Kiechl, Stefan; Kim, Jeongseon; Kolsteren, Patrick; Korrovits, Paul; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kromhout, Daan; Kujala, Urho M; Kula, Krzysztof; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Laid, Youcef; Lam, Tai Hing; Landrove, Orlando; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Laxmaiah, Avula; Leclercq, Catherine; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lekhraj, Rampal; Leon-Munoz, Luz M; Li, Yanping; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lissner, Lauren; Lorbeer, Roberto; Lozano, Jose Eugenio; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lytsy, Per; Machado-Coelho, George LL; Machi, Suka; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J; Makdisse, Marcia; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Manios, Yannis; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Martorell, Reynaldo; Masoodi, Shariq R; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Matsha, Tandi E; McFarlane, Shelly R; McLachlan, Stela; McNulty, Breige A; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Menezes, Ana Maria B; Merat, Shahin; Meshram, Indrapal I; Mi, Jie; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Mohamed, Mostafa K; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli; Møller, Niels C; Molnar, Denes; Mondo, Charles K; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A; Morgan, Karen; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mota, Jorge; Motta, Jorge; Mu, Thet Thet; Muiesan, Maria Lorenza; Muller-Nurasyid, Martina; Mursu, Jaakko; Nagel, Gabriele; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K; Nangia, Vinay B; Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria; Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba; Nenko, Ilona; Nervi, Flavio; Nguyen, Nguyen D; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Noale, Marianna; Noto, Davide; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M; Oh, Kyungwon; Ordunez, Pedro; Osmond, Clive; Otero, Johanna A; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Pahomova, Elena; Palmieri, Luigi; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Panza, Francesco; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Peters, Annette; Peykari, Niloofar; Pham, Son Thai; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Piwonski, Jerzy; Plans-Rubio, Pedro; Porta, Miquel; Portegies, Marileen LP; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Jacqueline F; Punab, Margus; Qasrawi, Radwan F; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Sanjay; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M; Rigo, Fernando; Robinson, Sian M; Robitaille, Cynthia; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Del CristoRodriguez-Perez, Maria; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Ronkainen, Kimmo; Rosengren, Annika; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Rui, Ornelas; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Horimoto, Andrea RV Russo; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sachdev, Harshpal S; Saidi, Olfa; Sakarya, Sibel; Salanave, Benoit; Salonen, Jukka T; Salvetti, Massimo; Sanchez-Abanto, Jose; Santos, Diana; Dos Santos, Renata Nunes; Santos, Rute; Saramies, Jouko L; Sardinha, Luis B; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Scazufca, Marcia; Schargrodsky, Herman; Scheidt-Nave, Christa; Sein, Aye Aye; Sharma, Sanjb K; Shaw, Jonathan E; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Youchan; Shiri, Rahman; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A; Sjostrom, Michael; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; Snijder, Marieke B; So, Hung-Kwan; Sobngwi, Eugene; Söderberg, Stefan; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Sonestedt, Emily; Soumare, Aicha; Staessen, Jan A; Stathopoulou, Maria G; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D; Stessman, Jochanan; Stöckl, Doris; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sun, Chien-An; Sundström, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sy, Rody G; Tai, E Shyong; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tang, Line; Tarawneh, Mohammed; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B; Taylor, Anne; Theobald, Holger; Thijs, Lutgarde; Thuesen, Betina H; Tolonen, Hanna K; Tolstrup, Janne S; Topbas, Murat; Torrent, Maties; Traissac, Pierre; Trinh, Oanh TH; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Turley, Maria L; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ukoli, Flora AM; Ulmer, Hanno; Uusitalo, Hannu MT; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Valvi, Damaskini; Van Rossem, Lenie; Van Valkengoed, Irene GM; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Vega, Tomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, WM Monique; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn; Viet, Lucie; Vioque, Jesus; Virtanen, Jyrki K; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vollenweider, Peter; Voutilainen, Sari; Vrijheid, Martine; Wade, Alisha N; Wagner, Aline; Walton, Janette; Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon; Wang, Feng; Wang, Ming-Dong; Wang, Qian; Wang, Ya Xing; Wannamethee, S Goya; Weerasekera, Deepa; Whincup, Peter H; Widhalm, Kurt; Wiecek, Andrzej; Wijga, Alet H; Wilks, Rainford J; Willeit, Johann; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C; Wu, Shou Ling; Xu, Haiquan; Yan, Weili; Yang, Xiaoguang; Ye, Xingwang; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Younger-Coleman, Novie O; Zambon, Sabina; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Zhao, Wenhua; Zheng, Yingfeng; Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-09)
      Background:<br>One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the agestandardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults ...